History
As with several other temples and shrines of ancient India, there’s a paucity of recorded history of the Vaishnodevi shrine. However a geological study of the holy cave which houses the temple has revealed the age of its formations to be over a million years. The oldest recorded reference to the temple is of Guru Gobind Singh’s visit to the shrine in the 16th century.
Currently the shrine is governed and administered by a specially constituted board which has vastly upgraded the facilities available to pilgrims. The provision of resting points, cafeterias, clean and hygienic toilets along the 12.5 km trek route draws legions of pilgrims every year, with the number of visitors having increased from 1.4 million in 1985-86 to 6.5 million in 2004-05.
Legend is that several millenniums ago, Vaishno Devi, a devotee of Lord Vishnu had taken a vow of celibacy. Bhairon Nath, a tantric tried to stop her. Through his tantric powers, he visualised her going towards the Trikuta hills and gave chase. The goddess felt thirsty at Banganga and shot an arrow into the earth from where water gushed out. Charan Paduka, marked by the imprints of her feet, is one of the places of worship enroute to the summit of the mountain. The Goddess then meditated in the cave at Adhkawari, halfway from Katra to the top of Trikuta hill. It took Bhairon Nath nine months to locate her, which is why the cave is also known as Garbh Joon. When he finally found her performing penance, a battle ensued in which Vaishnodevi assumed the form of Maha Kali and cut off the former’s head which was flung atop the mountain. This is where the Bhairon Temple is currently sited.
Geography and Climate
Katra is located at 32.98° N 74.95° E. It has an average elevation of 754 metres or 2473 feet.Katra town is located at an altitude of nearly 2500 ft above sea level.In winter minimum teperature is 03°C and maximum teperature is 15°C.1n summer minimum teperature is 20°C and maximum teperature is 40°C.Light woollens are required at night even during summer. During the remaining parts of the year heavy woollens are required.
As of 2001 India census, Katra had a population of 7569. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Katra has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 65%. In Katra, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Economy
A study by the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, to estimate the economic impact of pilgrims to the Vaishno Devi shrine in Katra and gauge its future development says related economic activities in the temple city generate an income of Rs 474.37 cr annually and provide employment to 26,978 persons.Katra serves as the base camp for pilgrims who visit Vaishno Devi. It has a thriving tourism industry that offers plenty of hotels, guest houses, restaurants, dhabas, fast-food joints that fit all kinds of budgets. Free accommodation is provided by some registered trusts in the form of Sarais for the poor.
Flora and Fauna
The place is rich in flora and fauna.The flora ranges from the thorn bush type of the arid plain to the temperate and alpine flora of the higher altitudes.Of the broad-leaf trees, there are maple, horse chestnuts, silver fir, etc. At the higher altitudes, there are birch, rhododendron, and a large number of herbal plants.The birds includes ducks, goose, partridge, chakor, pheasant,peacock, wagtails, herons, water pigeons, warblers, and doves.Animal includes cheetah and deer, wild sheep, bear, brown musk shrew, and muskrat,varieties of snakes, bats, lizards and frogs etc.